在提供正式法律文书前的重要说明（中文）：
- 学生签证被拒后的“上诉/复核”途径与格式严格取决于签证所属法域（例如英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、美国等），不同国家的救济程序、期限、审理机构与文书要求差异极大。
- 例如：英国的学生签证（Student route）通常没有一审上诉权，通常应提起“行政复核”（Administrative Review）；澳大利亚对于在澳境内递交且被拒的500类学生签证通常可向AAT提起实质性复审；加拿大的学签拒签无内部上诉，须向联邦法院提起司法复核；美国领事拒签（如INA 214(b)）无上诉权，通常只能补强材料重新申请。
- 为确保完全合规与适用性，请您尽快确认：签证国家/地区、拒签日期、拒签理由、决定参考号/档案号、申请人基本信息（出生日期、护照号）、申请提交地（境内/境外）、是否授权法律代理人等。收到后我将立即定制最终版本。
在您提供具体法域之前，现提供三套经严格校准的“双语范本”，分别对应最常见的三种法域路径。请仅在与您个案相符的国家/程序中使用，并在提交前由执业律师核对细节与期限。
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一、英国（UKVI）— 行政复核申请书（针对学生签证拒签）
Chinese/English Bilingual Template — UK Administrative Review (Student Route Refusal)
标题/Title:
行政复核申请书（针对入境签证拒签—学生途径）
Request for Administrative Review of Entry Clearance Refusal — Student Route
法律依据/Authority:
- Immigration Rules Appendix Administrative Review (Appendix AR)
- Immigration Rules — Appendix Student
- Home Office Guidance: Administrative Review (Entry Clearance)
申请人/Applicant:
- 姓名/Name: 刘婷 (Liu Ting)
- 出生日期/Date of Birth: [DD/MM/YYYY]
- 护照号/Passport No.: [XXXXXXXX]
- UKVI 参考号/UKVI Reference: [GWF/Case Ref]
- 拒签决定日期/Date of Decision: [DD/MM/YYYY]
- 决定机关/Decision Maker: Entry Clearance Officer, [Post/City]
请求的救济/Relief Sought:
- 撤销拒签决定并按照移民规则对申请进行重新决定；或
- 将本案发回由不同个案处理人员依法重新审理。
To withdraw the refusal and make a fresh lawful decision, or remit the case for reconsideration by a different caseworker.
法定时限/Time Limit:
- 本申请须在申请人收到拒签决定后28个自然日内提出（境外决定通常适用）。Submit within 28 calendar days of receiving an overseas refusal decision.
复核理由（摘要）/Grounds for Review (Summary):
- 行政复核仅针对“个案处理错误”（case working error），包括但不限于：对事实或证据的明显误认、未依照移民规则或政策适用标准、程序公正缺陷、对申请人已提交的材料未予考虑等。
Administrative Review is confined to identifying case working errors, including material mistake of fact, misapplication of the Immigration Rules/Guidance, procedural unfairness, or failure to consider submitted evidence.
具体申诉要点/Particulars:
- 适用规则错误/Misapplication of the Rules:
- 决定错误理解/适用《学生路线》相关条款（Appendix Student），对[资金证明/合规CAS/学术进度/真实性等]标准适用不当，导致不利结论。
The decision misapplied Appendix Student regarding [maintenance funds/CAS compliance/academic progression/genuineness], leading to an adverse finding.
- 证据评估错误/Failure to Consider Material Evidence:
- 个案处理人员未考虑或未正确权衡[具体证据：例如定期银行对账单、奖学金信、CAS细节、解释性陈述]，违反Home Office评估指引的证据审查义务。
Failure to consider or properly weigh [e.g., bank statements, scholarship award, CAS details, explanatory statement], contrary to applicable guidance.
- 程序公正/Procedural Fairness:
- 若决定基于可纠正的信息缺口而未发出适当的“进一步信息/核查”机会，构成程序不公。
Where potentially remediable concerns were relied on without a fair opportunity to respond, procedural fairness was compromised.
请求/Orders Sought:
- 请依据Appendix AR撤销拒签并作出有利决定或转由不同官员依法重新审理。
Withdraw the refusal per Appendix AR and remake the decision or remit to a different officer.
附件/Enclosures:
- 拒签信副本 Copy of Refusal Notice
- 原申请表及提交材料清单 Application form and evidence list
- 关键证据汇编（编号）Indexed bundle of material evidence
- 代理授权/委托书（如适用）Authority to act (if applicable)
声明/Statement:
本人确认上述陈述真实准确，并以诚信提出行政复核申请。
I certify that the above is true and submitted in good faith for Administrative Review.
签名/Signature: _____________________ 日期/Date: ______________
申请人/代理人 Applicant/Representative
通讯信息/Contact: [Address, Email, Phone]
重要提示/Notes:
- 行政复核不接受新事实，除非用于证明个案处理错误或为已提交材料的解释/澄清。New facts are generally not accepted except to demonstrate case working error or clarify previously submitted evidence.
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二、澳大利亚—向行政上诉法庭（AAT, Migration & Refugee Division）提出复审申请（Subclass 500）
Chinese/English Bilingual Template — Australia AAT Merits Review (Subclass 500 Student Visa Refusal)
标题/Title:
向行政上诉法庭（迁移与难民审理部）提出复审申请
Application for Review to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (Migration & Refugee Division)
法律依据/Authority:
- Migration Act 1958 (Cth), Pt 5, ss 338, 347, 349
- Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth), reg 4.10 and related provisions
- Reviewable decision: refusal of Subclass 500 by a delegate, where review rights are conferred
申请人/Applicant:
- 姓名/Name: 刘婷 (Liu Ting)
- 出生日期/Date of Birth: [DD/MM/YYYY]
- 护照号/Passport No.: [XXXXXXXX]
- File/Transaction Reference (TRN): [XXXXXX]
- 决定日期/Date of Decision: [DD/MM/YYYY]
- 决定人/Decision-maker: Delegate of the Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs
- 申请递交地/Lodgement Location: [在澳境内/澳境外]（注：多数境外申请无AAT复审权）
[Onshore/Offshore] (Note: Most offshore refusals have no AAT review rights.)
时限/Time Limit:
- 按Migration Regulations规定，通常自通知之日起21日内向AAT提出并缴费。Strict statutory time limits apply (often 21 days from notification). Late filing generally not permitted.
复审请求/Orders Sought:
- 由AAT进行实质性复审（merits review），撤销原决定并代为作出新的有利决定，或将案件发回由部长代表按AAT指示重新作出决定。
Set aside the refusal and substitute a decision to grant the visa, or remit with directions.
复审理由（提纲）/Grounds (Outline):
- AAT进行事实与法律的重新审查；不要求证明司法层面的“可审查性错误”。Merits review on facts and law de novo.
- 争点包括对学生签证标准的适用与可信度评估，如：Genuine Temporary Entrant (GTE/GS) 评估、经济能力与资金来源、学业与课程合理性、遵守签证条件记录等。
Issues: GTE/GS assessment, financial capacity and source, academic progression/course rationale, compliance history.
要点/Particulars:
- GTE/GS评估未综合考虑全部相关因素或权衡失当。
- 对资金证据的真实性/可用性判断缺乏证据基础。
- 对过往签证合规记录或学习规划的负面推断属推测。
- 未给予适当的陈述机会（若曾发出s.57/自然正义函，此项据实调整）。
救济/Relief:
- 撤销并代替决定授予签证；或发回重审附带指示。
Set aside and substitute grant; or remit with directions.
附件/Enclosures:
- 决定通知 Decision record
- 原申请材料及补件 Evidence bundle
- 书面陈述与证据索引 Written submissions and evidence index
- 代理授权（如适用）Authority to act (if any)
签名/Signature: _____________________ 日期/Date: ______________
申请人/代理人 Applicant/Representative
联系信息/Contact: [Address, Email, Phone]
重要提示/Notes:
- 请核对拒签信是否载明复审权（review rights）。无复审权的决定不可向AAT申请。
- 逾期申请通常无豁免。
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三、加拿大—联邦法院司法复核之申请通知（留学许可拒签）
Chinese/English Bilingual Template — Canada Federal Court Notice of Application for Judicial Review (Study Permit Refusal)
标题/Title:
加拿大联邦法院 司法复核申请通知
Federal Court of Canada — Notice of Application for Judicial Review
法律依据/Authority:
- Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), s. 72
- Federal Courts Act, s. 18.1 (as applicable)
- Federal Courts Rules, rr. 300–317 (esp. r. 301 content requirements)
- 时限：境外决定60日内；境内决定15日内。Time limit: 60 days (outside Canada); 15 days (inside Canada).
案名/Style of Cause:
Between:
- 刘婷 (Liu Ting), Applicant
and
- The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Respondent
申请人信息/Applicant:
- 出生日期/Date of Birth: [DD/MM/YYYY]
- 护照号/Passport No.: [XXXXXXXX]
- UCI/File No.: [XXXXXXXX]
- 签证处/Decision Maker: Visa Officer, [Embassy/High Commission/Consulate, City]
- 拒签日期/Date of Refusal: [DD/MM/YYYY]
请求的命令/Relief Sought:
- 准予提起司法复核之许可（leave）；如获许可，撤销该拒签决定并将案件发回由不同官员依法重新裁决；并请求费用（如适当）。
Grant leave; upon leave being granted, set aside the refusal and remit to a different officer for redetermination according to law; costs as appropriate.
拟议复核理由/Proposed Grounds of Review:
- 决定不合理并缺乏充分理由，未达到Vavilov标准（Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65）之可理解性与合乎约束性材料的合理性。
The decision is unreasonable under Vavilov, lacking intelligible justification anchored in the evidentiary record.
- 未考虑或误解关键证据（例如资金证明、学习计划、与祖国之紧密联系、语言能力/学术背景与课程匹配）。
Failure to consider or misapprehension of key evidence (e.g., financial documentation, study plan, home ties, academic fit).
- 程序不当/不公，如未给予合理机会就关切事项作出回应，或理由未披露致使难以有效应对。
Procedural unfairness, including lack of a meaningful opportunity to respond to dispositive concerns or inadequate reasons.
事实与程序背景/Concise Statement of Facts and Material Facts:
- 申请人于[日期]提交学习许可申请，并提供[资金/录取/背景等]证据。签证官于[日期]以[IRPA/Regs及指引下的常见条款，例如R216(1)(b)/可入境性/Genuine student concerns]为由拒签。有关理由未正确反映记录证据之整体性与权衡。
Applicant applied on [date] with supporting evidence [admission/financials/background]. On [date], a Visa Officer refused the application citing [e.g., R216(1)(b), genuineness concerns]. The reasons fail to properly reflect and weigh the record.
送达与备案/Service and Filing:
- 本通知将送达加拿大司法部代理（Respondent’s counsel）并依规则备案。
This Notice will be served on the Department of Justice for the Respondent and filed per the Rules.
附件/Enclosures:
- 拒签决定/GCMS摘要（如有） Refusal letter and GCMS notes (if available)
- 宣誓书草案（如适用）Draft Affidavit (if applicable)
- 法律备忘录提纲（留待许可阶段提交）Outline of Memorandum of Argument (to be filed at leave stage)
签名/Signature: _____________________ 日期/Date: ______________
申请人/代理人 Applicant/ Counsel
送达地址/Address for Service: [Address, Email, Phone]
重要提示/Notes:
- 司法复核为程序与合法性审查，法院不自行批准签证，仅可撤销并发回重审。
- 期限严格且计算方式受规则约束，请尽快核对具体时限。
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关键信息清单（请提供，以便定制最终版本）：
- 国家/法域（UK/Australia/Canada/其他）
- 拒签决定日期与作出机关
- 申请递交地（境内/境外）
- 基本信息：出生日期、护照号、申请/档案号
- 拒签理由摘要（引用拒签信关键段落）
- 任何先前通讯（例如补件通知、程序公正函）
- 是否有现任法律代理及其联络方式
专业提示：
- 美国领事拒签（如INA 214(b)/221(g)）通常无上诉权，策略为补强后重新申请或在特定情形寻求顾问意见。
- 英国学生签证通常走行政复核而非上诉；如涉及人权主张，则可能触发有限上诉权（Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, s.82），需逐案评估是否可行。
- 澳大利亚仅在具复审权时可向AAT申请，且为“实质性复审”；加拿大为“司法复核”，须先获法院许可。
请确认法域与要素后，我将据实为刘婷起草最终、可直接提交且完全合规的上诉/复核文件。
