撰写专利发明领域描述

技术领域：本发明涉及工业互联网（Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT）及设备运维管理技术领域，具体涉及面向工业装备的在线状态感知、数据采集与治理、健康评估、异常检测、剩余使用寿命（RUL）预测与维护策略优化的预测性维护系统与方法，及其在边缘计算与云计算环境中的模型训练、部署与更新的计算机程序、装置和存储介质。所述技术适用于含多源异构传感器与工业通信协议（包括但不限于现场总线与工业以太网）的生产线、流程与离散制造装备、机电与旋转机械、能源与公用工程设施等场景，并可与SCADA/PLC/DCS控制系统、MES/CMMS/ERP业务系统进行数据与指令交互，以实现对设备故障的提前预警、基于风险的检修计划编排与资源调度决策。在不限定具体实现形式的前提下，本发明亦涉及工业数据安全与合规约束下的模型联邦学习、隐私保护计算与访问控制机制，以保障预测性维护在工业控制网络中的可用性、可靠性与可审计性。

Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates generally to flexible and stretchable sensor technologies that employ two-dimensional (2D) materials. In particular, it concerns sensor devices, systems, and methods that utilize atomically thin materials and their heterostructures—including, without limitation, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, and other layered van der Waals materials—implemented on compliant substrates for the transduction of mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological stimuli. The field encompasses materials engineering; device architectures (including piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoresistive, chemiresistive, and optical modalities); fabrication and patterning techniques (including chemical vapor deposition, exfoliation, solution processing, transfer printing, direct writing, and additive manufacturing); functionalization and doping; flexible interconnects and packaging; and system-level integration with power management, signal conditioning, and wired or wireless communication modules. Applications include, inter alia, wearable electronics, electronic skin, human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and biomedical monitoring, where conformability, low modulus, low power consumption, high signal fidelity, and environmental stability are desired. This field further includes methods for ensuring mechanical durability and biocompatibility, as well as processes enabling scalable, reproducible, and cost-effective manufacturing of 2D-material-based flexible sensors.